Neurosurgery services

Neurosurgery services:

Introduction to Neurosurgery services

Neurosurgery focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the brain, spine, and nervous system. Neurosurgeons manage conditions such as brain tumors, spinal disorders, strokes, and nerve injuries. Treatment options range from minimally invasive procedures to complex surgeries, aiming to restore function and improve patient outcomes.

Head injury

A head injury refers to any trauma affecting the scalp, skull, or brain. It can range from mild concussions to severe brain damage. Head injuries are commonly caused by falls, accidents, sports injuries, or violence.

Types of Head Injuries:

• Concussion – A mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can cause temporary confusion or unconsciousness.
• Skull Fracture – A break in the skull bone, sometimes accompanied by brain injury.
• Brain Contusion – Bruising of the brain tissue due to impact.
• Hematoma – Blood clot formation inside the skull, which can put pressure on the brain.
• Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) – A severe injury caused by rapid movement of the brain inside the skull, leading to nerve damage.

Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to brain damage, disability, or death if not treated immediately.

Types of Stroke:

• Ischemic Stroke (85% of cases) – Caused by a blocked artery due to a blood clot or plaque buildup.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke – Caused by a ruptured blood vessel, leading to bleeding in the brain.
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA or Mini-Stroke) – A temporary blockage with no permanent damage but a warning sign for future strokes.

Headache

A headache is a common condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can be mild or severe and may indicate an underlying health issue.

Types of Headaches:

• Tension Headache – The most common type, caused by stress, poor posture, or muscle tension.
• Migraine – Intense, throbbing pain often accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light and sound.
• Cluster Headache – Severe, recurring pain around one eye, usually in cycles.
• Sinus Headache – Caused by sinus infections, resulting in facial pressure and congestion.
• Rebound Headache – Triggered by overuse of pain medications.

Brain Tumors

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. It can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), affecting brain function depending on its size, location, and growth rate.

Types of Brain Tumors:

1.Primary Brain Tumors – Originate in the brain, such as:

• Gliomas (e.g., glioblastoma, astrocytoma)
• Meningiomas (arising from the brain’s protective layers)
• Pituitary Tumors (affecting hormone production)

2.Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors – Cancer that spreads to the brain from other body parts, like lung or breast cancer.

Spine Tumor

A spine tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within or around the spinal cord and vertebrae. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may affect nerve function, spinal stability, and overall health.

Types of Spine Tumors:

1.Primary Spine Tumors – Originate in the spine or spinal cord, such as:

• Meningiomas – Arise from the spinal cord’s protective layers.
• Schwannomas & Neurofibromas – Affect spinal nerves.
• Chordomas – Rare tumors at the base of the spine.

2.Secondary (Metastatic) Spine Tumors – Cancer that spreads from other body parts, like the lungs, breast, or prostate.

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition caused by an excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles. This leads to increased pressure on the brain, which can cause neurological damage if left untreated.

Types of Hydrocephalus:

• Congenital Hydrocephalus – Present at birth due to genetic factors or developmental issues.
• Acquired Hydrocephalus – Develops later due to injury, infection, stroke, or tumors.
• Communicating Hydrocephalus – CSF flows normally but is not properly absorbed.
• Non-Communicating (Obstructive) Hydrocephalus – A blockage prevents CSF from draining properly.
• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) – Affects older adults, causing walking difficulties, dementia-like symptoms, and urinary incontinence.

Spina Bifida

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the spine and spinal cord do not form properly during fetal development. It is a type of neural tube defect (NTD) that can cause physical and neurological impairments.

Types of Hydrocephalus:

• Spina Bifida Occulta – Mildest form, where the spinal cord remains covered by skin, often causing no symptoms.
• Meningocele – A sac of cerebrospinal fluid pushes through an opening in the spine but does not contain nerves.
• Myelomeningocele (Severe Form) – The spinal cord and nerves protrude through an open defect, leading to severe disabilities.

Neurological Birth Conditions

Neurological birth conditions are disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system, often due to genetic factors, developmental issues, or complications during pregnancy or birth. These conditions can impact movement, cognition, behavior, and overall health.

Types of Neurological Birth Conditions:

• Cerebral Palsy (CP) – Affects movement & muscle tone.
• Spina Bifida – Spine defect causing nerve damage.
• Hydrocephalus – Fluid buildup in the brain.
• Autism (ASD) – Impacts social & communication skills.
• Microcephaly – Small head due to abnormal brain growth.

Neck and Back Pain

Neck and back pain are common conditions that can range from mild discomfort to severe, chronic pain affecting daily activities. The pain may originate from muscles, nerves, joints, or spinal structures.

Types of Neck and Back Pain:

• Muscle Strain – Poor posture, heavy lifting, or sudden movements.
• Herniated Disc – A slipped or bulging disc pressing on nerves.
• Spinal Stenosis – Narrowing of the spinal canal, causing nerve compression.
• Osteoarthritis – Wear and tear of spinal joints.
• Injuries – Whiplash, falls, or accidents.
• Nerve Compression – Sciatica or pinched nerves.
• Poor Ergonomics – Long hours at a desk without proper support.

Neurosurgery Medical Reports

• A neurosurgery medical report provides a detailed analysis of a patient's neurological condition, diagnostic findings, and treatment plan. It is essential for tracking progress, making surgical decisions, and communicating with other healthcare professionals.